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Куц Тина

In the capital there will be “green weekends”

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In Ukraine, green energy develops quite actively and no less active measures are taken to attract the public to this topic. Formation of ecological consciousness is the guarantor of further popularization of “green” technologies and careful attitude to nature.

The beginning of September in the capital will be held under the auspices of alternative innovations. During the 1st and 2nd of September there will be an event called TeslaCamp.

The participants of the environmental camp will have the opportunity to listen to 19 leading speakers in the field of alternative energy, to join in summing up the results of the world’s largest green start business competition, get acquainted with domestic “naturally friendly” projects and just relax on the banks of the Dnieper.

 

The main issues to be raised in the camp this year will be:

– Decentralization in the field of energy;

– ways to support RES;

– “green” export;

– creation of micro-networks;

– providing cyber security;

– Search for investments and innovative technologies.

The innovation of this year’s event will be the organization of a demonstration ground. In this zone, the latest developments of firms from Ukraine will be presented. Event organizers reported that the demonstration site would include the following technologies: solar equipment for brewing; wireless socket Meredot; accessories that function with the Stirling motor, etc.

According to the director of TeslaCamp Zinchenko Andriy, the organizers of this year’s event tried to create the most comfortable conditions for the participants not only while listening to the theoretical part, but also during the rest.

Speakers of the event are involved in various fields: expert, engineering, business and even state authorities. The organizers selected 19 specialists from different fields to consider the prospects of alternative energy development in Ukraine from different perspectives. In addition, this approach will allow you to get acquainted with different thoughts, experiences and form a comprehensive view of the “green” energy of our country as a whole.

Participants of the event will have an opportunity to spend “energy” weekends, combining education and recreation.

The tradition has already begun yesterday since the so-called zero day. On this day, a master class was organized where everyone could get acquainted with the energy system that was created specifically for the energy supply of the camp. The lesson was held under the direction of Khomenko Viktor, a specialist in the field of photovoltaic systems.

The camp was opened on September 1 and marked the final stage of the international format competition called ClimateLaunchpad. The winner of this competition was the opportunity to take part in the global finals of the Global Grand Final, which will take place in Scotland. This year, the competition presented 9 “green” innovations from Ukrainian developers.

In addition, the camp will familiarize with local examples of the introduction of alternative technologies. In particular, the experience of switching to alternative energy communities from different regions of our country and the features of creation of energy co-operatives will be presented. Representatives from Zhytomyr region will serve as an example of energy associations.

Participants in the camp who are under 12 years of age have the opportunity to take part on a free basis. The only condition – they should be in the west, accompanied by their parents.

For children, the special program on the initiative of the Children’s School of Modern Technologies LIKS will be organized on the territory of the event.

Participants will be able to stay in the tent campus as desired.

In Holland, there will be a dairy farm located on the water

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Dutch engineers surprised the world public with a statement that the opening of a dairy farm, which will be located on the surface of the water in the bay of Mervehafen, will soon take place. The farm will provide dairy products to the city of Rotterdam. According to the idea of ​​the organizers of the project, this facility will house 40 animals capable of supplying 1,000 liters of milk throughout the day.

The ecological company will belong to the development company Beladon. Representatives of the company said that such a crazy at first sight idea – to build a farm on the water; it is justified and has a clear goal.

The initiative to build such an unusual facility belongs to one of the employees of the company-developer Peter van Wingerden. A man for several years before witnessed the hurricane Sandy, which was held at that time in the United States. An engineer by training, Peter drew attention to the fact that fragile and unstable logistics chains are used to provide food for cities. After the storm, New York became very close to starvation. All the ways of delivery of products from wholesale depots to shops have been destroyed.

It was this event that prompted the man to create a project to build a farm in the city. Such production reduces the risk of hunger in emergency cases tenfold and raises food security for residents.

About 80 percent of the animal feed on the farm will come from local restaurants (waste), breweries and mills. In addition, the ration of cows will be supplemented with grass sloping from the lawns of the city of Rotterdam. In addition to these ways of obtaining food for animals, the project has an area on a platform that will be planted with grass.

Wastes from the livelihoods of cows will be used as fertilizers for the plantation. As a stimulating factor for accelerated development of plants, special illumination will be applied. On the floating platform will grow duckweed, clover and alfalfa, which the cows love so much.

Cleaning of manure will be handled exclusively by robotics. In addition to being used as a fertilizer, cattle waste will also be used to generate electricity. On the platform will install a power plant. Photovoltaic modules will provide the electricity needed for the electrolysis of hydrogen. On one of the lower levels of the floating object, yoghurt production and pasteurization of the milk received from the cows will be carried out.

Floating objects began to appear gradually around the world. Two years ago, Janine Hung created an eco-farm on the water. The project was named Jellyfish Lodge. These objects look like jellyfish. They move along the surface of reservoirs and perform a purifying function in the process of food production.

“Jellyfish” have a special system of tentacles, which during the movement are engaged in garbage collection in water bodies. Aquaponic gardens inside the facility produce environmentally friendly and healthy food. Also in the eco-farms, special water treatment systems are installed.

On top of floating objects are installed solar panels, under which is located a green fragrant garden. The irrigation system operates on filtered water from reservoirs on which the gardens are located.

In addition to collecting debris from water bodies, “jellyfish” make a water test for the presence of toxins. If the level of toxicity is increased, then through the special reservoirs of microbiological digestion the water is purified with its further return to the reservoir.

Man’s productive activity in the food industry has a colossal negative impact on nature. The issues of waste management are growing more and more acute every year. Such projects, combining food production and alternative technologies, allow minimizing pollution of the environment.

In our country have the intention to pass a law on the extension of the “green” tariff for solar and wind stations of a private nature until 2040

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The proposal for such changes was made by the National Commission, which implements state regulation in the field of energy and municipal utilities. Representatives of the commission argue that after the “green” auctions are introduced, the existing tariffs for alternative energy should be left. This will apply to private solar and wind stations.

The law on the introduction of “green” auctions of industrial capacities of renewable energy in Ukraine regulates a complete transition to such a system of interaction in the energy market, starting from 01.01.2020.

 

In this regard, the representatives of the National Commission suggested that at the governmental level they should fix the extension of the current “green” tariffs for private households for the period up to 2040 inclusive.

It should be noted that tariffs for SES, which at different times will be connected to the network, look like this:

– from 01.01.2020 to 31.12.2024 – the tariff is 13.04 euro cents per kilowatt-hour;

– from 01.01.2025 to 31.12.2029 – 11.74 euro cents per kilowatt-hour;

– from 01.01.2030 to 31.12.2034 – 10.56 euro cents per kilowatt-hour;

– from 01.01.2035 to 31.12.2040 – 9.42 euro cent per kilowatt-hour.

Wind power stations of a private nature, depending on the time of commissioning, will have the following tariffs:

– from 01.01.2030 to 31.12.2034 – 8.4 euro cent per kilowatt-hour;

– from 01.01.2035 to 31.12.2040 – 7.54 euro cent per kilowatt-hour.

Representatives of NCRCU stated that before the adoption of amendments to the laws there will be a number of discussions concerning the following key issues:

– explanation of the levels of the “green” tariff for solar and wind power stations;

– changes in the wording regarding the equipment of private stations (it is a matter of increasing the permissible capacity of equipment installed in private households and creating a single tariff for wind and solar stations);

– adoption of resolutions simplifying the process of issuing a “green” tariff for stations with low power (up to 500 kilowatts);

– an additional payment to the owners of SES and WEC for the use of locally produced equipment (charging payments, both to auction prices and to the “green” tariff);

– an additional payment to the owners of SES and VES for the use of power storage systems.

The NKREC was informed that these issues will be discussed on August 29, 18 in the building of the National Commission. The event will be held from 10.00. 0 reviews Address: city Kyiv, ul. Smolenskaya, 19.

German homes will now be fully provided with electricity thanks to the sun and hydrogen

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A number of innovative technologies are being developed around the world that makes it possible to provide autonomy at home through renewable energy sources. Germany was no exception in this race. Recently, a multifunctional power system has appeared on the German market. This equipment can provide electricity, hot water and home heat thanks to the use of solar energy and the hydrogen component.

The power system was called Picea. As its manufacturer is the company HPS Home Power Solutions GmbH. The engineers who designed this system claim that thanks to their invention, a private house can become fully energy-independent and environmentally friendly at the same time.

The Picea system includes a whole list of auxiliary equipment. These devices are located within the system casing.

The power system from the German manufacturer includes:

  • fuel cell (this component generates electricity and heat in the cold season);
  • energy storage devices with a capacity of 25 kilowatt-hours;
  • electrolyzer (the device allows transforming the energy of the sun into hydrogen throughout the summer);
  • controller;
  • inverter installation;
  • special containers filled with hydrogen (they play the role of a seasonal battery and have a capacity of 350 to 1,000 kilowatt-hours);
  • heat accumulator (the device is a container with high temperature water);
  • a ventilation device that generates heat and moisture recovery in the room (the efficiency of heat exchange reaches 93 percent);
  • control device.

Experts in the field of alternative energy argue that at this stage of development of this area, many world companies invest a significant portion of the funds in the development of similar technologies for private homes.

SES in tandem with batteries is able to fully satisfy the energy demands of a private house. In addition, the heat supply of the residential building is carried out. When surplus electricity arises, the system immediately transforms them into hydrogen and sends it to storage in special containers. In the cold period, with the help of a fuel cell, the hydrogen accumulated in the cylinders is converted into electricity and heat energy.

It should also be noted that during the conversion of hydrogen into energy, the fuel cell releases a certain amount of moisture. It is used by the ventilation system to increase the humidity in the house.

The manufacturer especially notes the small size of the system. To install Picea on the territory of the residential house will need only 3 square meters of free space. An additional requirement for installation is the availability of 7 square meters of free space outside the building. This area will be required for the installation of hydrogen cylinders.

The German energy system can provide 8 kilowatts of regular capacity. The peak increase in these indicators is possible up to 20 kilowatts.

It should be noted that the average German family of 5 people living in a private house needs 4,000 kWh during the year. Based on these calculations, the manufacturer advises installing SES, whose power is 8-12 kilowatts. The limits of the efficiency of a solar power plant are determined by the volume of the hydrogen storage ring.

The energy system is able to fully satisfy the request of a medium-sized private house for electricity and hot water. As for the heating system, in the realities of the average household without an auxiliary heat source is indispensable.

According to the producer’s promise, the system is able to provide the household with heat by 60 percent. If the private house is pre-insulated and increased its energy efficiency to the maximum level, then Picea is able to satisfy the energy and heat needs in full.

The cost of such a system of the German manufacturer starts from 54 000 euros. The final price is determined for each object individually. It all depends on the square of the room and the configuration of the devices. The cost of installation work is not calculated in advance.

Australian scientists tested batteries for cars based on ammonia and hydrogen

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Employees of the organization specializing in scientific and industrial research from Australia carried out a number of tests of the innovative fuel cell. This technology is remarkable in that storage of hydrogen is not required, its allocation occurs when the car needs it. As the main working compound, ammonia is used. In safety issues, it exceeds hydrogen and, in addition, gives twice as much energy compared to hydrogen compounds in the liquefied state.

According to some experts, ammonia-hydrogen fuel cells can become a real breakthrough in the automotive industry.

The battery based on ammonia and hydrogen has special ammonia compartments, which have a special protective membrane and controller. The structure of the protective membrane is a special pride of scientists from Australia. This component of the innovative battery makes it possible to separate pure hydrogen by reaction with ammonia. At the same time, the membrane filters out various impurities, which greatly simplifies the process of using the dedicated connection.

The car receives energy by burning hydrogen in the combustion chamber. As a waste, nitrogen is released, which enters the atmosphere. For nature, this connection does not do any harm.

In addition, experts focus on the fact that technology is significantly cheaper in comparison with existing now. The process of synthesis of ammonia compounds from hydrogen and nitrogen was discovered long ago and found its application in production processes. Ammonia is easy enough to store and transport.

Refills for cars that operate on the basis of ammonia-hydrogen fuel cells will be extremely simple and do not require large financial costs.

The main advantage of this technology is that obtaining energy in this way carries no danger to the environment and is renewable. Components for fuel cells are extracted from the atmosphere, and processed products are sent there after receiving energy.

At the moment, the testing of cars working on new fuel cells has already been carried out. Representatives of this type of car are Hyundai Nexo and Toyota Mirai.

Also there was information that Hyundai and Toyota companies at this stage arranged an investment race. Representatives of these automobile giants have appreciated the new technology and are trying to expand the range of cars of their own production with the use of ammonia-hydrogen fuel cells as quickly as possible. This fact indicates that a large amount of auto data will soon appear in the global automotive market.

Experts say that there is no need to expect a big rush on sales in the European market. But for the Asian automotive market, this technology can be a real salvation. The thing is that in Asian countries the city has long been suffocating from the corrosive smog, which appeared due to the intensive work of harmful production complexes. The situation is exacerbated by the large amount of exhaust gas received from traditional cars on fuel fuels.

Ammonia-hydrogen fuel cells can significantly reduce the concentration of smog and harmful substances in the air at a relatively low price.

What records beats Ukraine in the field of environmentally friendly cars?

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According to experts, the past 7 months of 2018 were marked by the addition of 2,490 electric cars in the Ukrainian automobile market.

Representatives of “Ukrautoprom” said that the demand for electric cars has increased by almost 65% compared to 2017.

The pre-emptive number of electric cars registered for January-July of this year has a mileage. The number of used cars was 84 percent of the total amount imported into our country.

The greatest demand is noted for such models of electric cars:

– Tesla Model S (123 cars);

– BMW i3 (182 cars);

– Nissan Leaf (1621 car).

The list of popular models was enlarged:

– Mercedes-Benz B Electric Drive;

– Tesla Model X;

– KIA Soul EV;

– Toyota RAV-4 EV;

– Smart Fortwo.

Two years on end, our country is listed in the top 10 countries, where the electric transport market develops as quickly as possible.

Such an increase in the number of electric cars is directly connected with the strategy of Drive Ukraine 2030. This document was approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The project was initiated by the Ministry of Infrastructure.

The strategy covers the next 12 years, and regulates the construction of extremely important facilities at this time. The number of projects implemented within the framework of the Strategy includes the construction of two large industrial enterprises that will produce domestic electric cars.

The Government also plans to equip factories for the production of drones, ships, aircraft and buses, which will use electricity as fuel.

It is reported that the number of electric vehicles for these 12 years should be 50% of the total amount of vehicles of the Ukrainian automotive market.

Deputy Omelyan Vladimir noted that to create a strong country it is necessary not to modernize existing capacities and products, but to work on creating new ones. During the Strategy presentation, Mr. Omelyan stated that Ukraine needs to build a new reality, but not to repair the old one.

In addition to production capacity, the Strategy includes the construction of ten high-speed autobahns. The road surface will undergo changes throughout Ukraine. They even plan to create roads that can generate electricity. The transport strategy has not bypassed the train.

 

Within the framework of the project on the territory of our country there should be trains, the average speed of which will be about 150 kilometers per hour.

The Strategy also includes information on the construction of Hyperloop. This invention of Ilona Mask and his team is ground transportation, which develops ultra-speed. According to the creators of Drive Ukraine 2030 in the territory of our country should lie 5 branches of innovative transport. It should be noted that around the world they plan to build only 11. Hyperloop will allow you to connect different parts of the world and make long distance travel fast and comfortable.

The strategy clearly defines the transformation of public transport in Ukraine. For 12 years, this sphere should completely switch to electric drive.

Such a rapid development of the automotive market of our country has attracted the attention of foreign automobile giants who intend to install a powerful network of charging stations for cars on electric traction. At the moment, this process is at the negotiation stage.

The initiative in the installation of electric charging stations was expressed by Renault, BMW and Hyundai.

The electro mobile future of Ukraine is quite bright. The main thing is that everything planned is done with the same enthusiasm as discussed at this stage.

A firm from Lithuania will provide serious investment support to the Ukrainian alternative energy sector

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Representatives of the Modus group, a multi-disciplinary company from Lithuania, announced their readiness to provide financing for the construction of a new solar facility in our country. According to preliminary estimates, the amount of investments will be about 30 million euro’s. The Lithuanian company is the link for a number of firms specializing in the sale of cars, real estate and work in the field of energy. Specialists from Lithuania already had experience in implementing projects in the field of alternative energy. Modus group was engaged in the construction of solar energy facilities in Spain, Belarus, Poland and Lithuania.

The representative of the company’s management Ruslan Sklipovich said that the company is very interested in implementing projects in Ukraine and is ready to invest. According to Mr. Sklepovich, the government of our country has managed to create conditions for foreign partners and to interest them in the development of solar energy.

Also in the company Modus group said that they are ready to invest money not only in Ukrainian projects. The company’s representatives actively monitor new projects across Europe and are looking for opportunities to invest in the energy markets of those countries where alternative energy is only gaining momentum. That’s why the company’s experts consider the Ukrainian market to be one of the most promising.

It should be noted that in the field of alternative energy of our country there are special tariffs according to which electricity is purchased by the state. The total capacity of solar energy facilities put into operation in 2017 is more than 300 megawatts. Over the period January-June 2018, this capacity increased by 180 megawatts. The capacity of facilities generating electricity from solar energy on the territory of our country totals 841 megawatts.

According to official information, the Lithuanian company plans to build a solar park, whose capacity will be about 35 megawatts. The project will be implemented by Modus Energy International and Green Genius. Both these companies are part of the Modus group.

The sun park will be located in the Zhytomyr region. Representatives of the company from Lithuania report that they are going to finish construction work and put the plant into operation by the end of next autumn.

According to experts of the Lithuanian company, the solar modules installed by them will be able to generate 45,000 megawatt-hours of electricity in one year.

It is also important to note that recently there was official information about the start of the work of the first stage of Sokhtak Solar Energy, which is a significant object on the energy map of Ukraine. The station is located in the Zaporozhye region, the city of Tokmak. The current capacity is 11 megawatts, after completion of construction work it will increase to 50 megawatts. The station is considered one of the largest in our country.

Solar energy of Ukraine is gaining momentum with each month. Very pleased with the positive dynamics in the form of multimillion investment and interest of foreign companies.

On the territory of our country now there are already registered 4660 SES of a private nature

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This number of solar stations is a record for Ukraine. It should be note that the Ukrainians are increasingly resorting to the installation of solar power stations every year. The obvious savings and additional earnings opportunities in the form of a home SES confirmed its practicability in practice and now its popularity grows like a snowball.

The second quarter of 2018 added another 1107 to the existing number of private solar stations. These figures are twice the number of stations installed during the first quarter of this year.

To date, the number of owners of SES in the territory of households is 4660. The total capacity of all these facilities is about 90 megawatts.

Financial investments in this area of ​​alternative energy are estimate at 88,000,000 euros. The State Energy Efficiency Agency reports that such a sharp jump in installed capacity is associated with the adoption of a law on the binding of a “green” tariff to the euro. This bill touched upon those stations of a private nature, which have a power of less than 30 kilowatts.

Leading positions on the number of solar stations installed in private homes, occupies Kiev, Ternopil and Dnepropetrovsk region.

The benefit of a private solar station for its owner is obvious, but do not forget about the global significance of each SES. These capacities allow the country to distribute energy production from RES, thereby creating a balance of the energy system.

As an example of the profitability of the solar station, let us quote the story of Igor Klymenko, a resident of Poltava. The man installed solar panels on the roof of the house and outbuildings, the total capacity of which was 23 kilowatts. For one month, he manages to earn electricity sales of about 12 thousand hryvnia (in winter). In total, there are about 86 photovoltaic cells on the territory of his household. The area they occupy is 130 square meters.

It should also be note that income in winter and summer from home SES is different. Igor Klimenko’s summer profit makes about 20 thousand hryvnia per month.

Each photoelectric module occupies about one and a half square meters, so the owner decided to divide them by installing a part of the panels on the roof of the house, and the rest – on the shed. Klimenko Igor argues that the documentation for his homeownership is formalize on a SES with a capacity of 30 kilowatts. While the owner does not have free money to expand the station, and his income is quite comfortable with the available capacity. However, in the long term it is plan to deliver modules to the future, so that the station would correspond to the documents and have 30 kilowatts.

The owner of the station also told that the transfer of data from the station about the amount of generated energy is carry out via the Internet. To keep track of these data, Igor needs to visit his private office from a mobile phone or computer.

The increased demand for the installation of solar stations in private homes stimulates the development of solar energy in general. As proof of this – the opening of a plant for the manufacture of photovoltaic modules in the city of Energodar. Now Ukrainians have the opportunity to purchase equipment of domestic production. The appearance of such enterprises allows to organize new jobs for the local population, and to enrich local budgets at the expense of rent deductions.

The use of solar cells from glass in the construction of an energy efficient home – Solar Squared

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The use of photovoltaic modules installed on or near the roof of the building is not new for quite some time. The need for energy supply for residents of apartment buildings has become the impetus for the creation of a new technology that allows integrating solar installations into the walls of buildings. Solar modules from a group of engineers from the University of Exeter are made of glass. Their price for mass production should be available, the appearance – modern and attractive, that is, all the advantages on the face. High ability of integration into the facades of buildings makes the technology applicable not only for multi-unit buildings, but also for cottage buildings.

Solar panels made of glass for generating electricity

The production of a special type of glass embedded solar panels is carried out by the company Build Solar. The essence of the new technology is to integrate into the working tandem technology of generating electricity through the use of a solar beam of rays with the newest methods of construction work.

Presented by the developers of solar batteries of glass have a fairly wide range of colors. They can be embedded in the roof or wall surface. Such characteristics make it possible to significantly expand the scope of their application.

It should be noted that even in the case of vertical installation, glass solar panels have the ability to catch a sufficient number of beams. In addition to the fact that Solar Squared performs the function of solar panels, they still act as windows. Their opaque structure still allows the sun’s rays to enter the living quarters.

In the glass unit there are special optical devices. They produce the focusing of the sun’s rays on a specific solar cell.

Undeniable advantages of the newest glass blocks

The manufacturer of the Solar Squared photovoltaic system asserts that the payback period of the innovation is rather small. In addition to generating electricity, solar glass units can significantly improve the thermal insulation of the premises. Thanks to the modular system of building glass solar blocks, they can be integrated into the object of any architecture.

According to the developer, it is possible to select the sizes of blocks. This allows building in the production process of many brands in the construction sector. In addition, this feature allows you to avoid re-planning and rebuilding the object to install glass solar panels.

A similar example of embedded solar technology is the solar tile from the company Tesla. The only restriction is its use in apartment buildings. Solar Squared with the same amount of generated energy has no such limitations and can be an excellent option for residents of large cities.

The creators of the blocks declare that their main goal in creating the technology was to modify the existing ideas about bulky solar structures. In addition, many residential facilities for one reason or another were deprived of the opportunity to use the energy of the sun for their needs. Now the unfortunate layout of the building or architecture features cannot be on the path of progress.

Solar ponds in alternative energy

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The salt solar pond is an artificially created reservoir, the depth of which is about two to four meters. The meaning of using such a pond is that in the bottom layer of the water of this pool has the maximum salt water. The dark bottom of the solar pond attracts the sun’s rays and, accordingly, the water on the bottom warms up, sometimes even to the boiling point.

The phenomenon that allows warming up water in this way is called “gravitational convection”. In nature, this kind of convection looks like this:

  • water in a natural reservoir under the action of sunlight begins to warm up from the bottom;
  • as the temperature rises, the density of water changes;
  • a warmer liquid rises to the surface of the reservoir and gradually gives its temperature to the air.

In the solar pond, this process is completely eliminated by using layers of water of different salinity. In addition, the concentration of salt in the bottom layer of the solar pond increases during heating, as the salt dissolves more quickly in warmer water.

The use of solar ponds has been practiced in the world for many years. There were cases when the temperature of the bottom salt layer reached 110 degrees. According to theoretical data, the temperature parameters with increasing water salinity to the maximum mark can be raised to 150 degrees Celsius.

The temperature characteristics and heat transfer of the solar pond depends on a number of factors:

  • activity of solar radiation in a certain region;
  • the degree of transparency of the atmosphere;
  • indicators of transparency of fresh water in the upper layer of the pond;
  • concentration of brine in different layers of the reservoir;
  • quality of thermal insulation on the bottom and side walls of the pond;
  • the presence of concentration equipment that directs the sun’s rays directly into the pond;
  • presence or absence of wind.

The upper layer in the solar pond consists of fresh water. The thickness of this layer, as a rule, is 10-30 cm. As a requirement for this layer of solar labor, smoothness of the surface appears which makes it possible to increase the level of absorption of sunlight, and the transparency of water. The upper layer of the solar pond is also called the convective zone.

Next is a layer that acts as isolation. The concentration of salt in it increases from the top down. Most often it is called a thermo cline. Here the temperature values ​​are distributed as sharply as possible; the level of salt in water is also distributed unevenly. The characteristics of the solar reservoir directly depend on this layer.

In modern energy, solar salt reservoirs use recycled materials from salt production enterprises. They contain a fairly large concentration of magnesium chloride, which cannot be eaten.

To prevent leakage, the bottom of the solar pond is covered with a plastic film. Alternative coating can be a furan resin. In some cases, to significantly reduce financial investments, use waterproof clay.

Among a number of advantages of solar ponds can be identified the following:

  • the reservoir is able to accumulate scattered radiation, which is reflected from various objects, together with direct sunlight;
  • the pond is able to perform simultaneously as a solar collector and a storage of thermal energy, while such a system is cheaper.

According to recent research, solar salt water reservoirs have the prospect of entering the top of the best alternative energy equipment. It should be noted that the power output generated from an area of ​​one square meter is 20 kilowatts. The cost of such a pond is about 4,500 dollars per kilowatt.

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